The neuroprotective effects of bilingualism upon the inferior parietal lobule: a structural neuroimaging study in aging chinese bilinguals. Bilingualism protects anterior temporal lobe integrity in aging. The data suggest that there may be a developmental basis to the well-documented structural differences in the brain between bilingual and monolingual adults.īilingualism Brain development Generalized additive models Grey matter White matter.Ībutalebi J, Canini M, Della Rosa PA, et al. As compared to monolinguals, bilinguals showed: (a) more grey matter (less developmental loss) starting during late childhood and adolescence, mainly in frontal and parietal regions (particularly in the inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, superior frontal cortex, inferior and superior parietal cortex, and precuneus) and (b) higher white matter integrity (greater developmental increase) starting during mid-late adolescence, specifically in striatal-inferior frontal fibers. Bilingual and monolingual participants manifested distinct developmental trajectories in both grey and white matter structures. We used generalized additive modelling to analyze whether, how, and where the developmental trajectories of bilinguals and monolinguals might differ. Metrics of grey matter (thickness, volume, and surface area) and white matter (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) were examined across 41 cortical and subcortical brain structures and 20 tracts, respectively. We examined the developmental patterns of both grey and white matter structures in a cross-sectional study of a large sample (n = 711 for grey matter, n = 637 for white matter) of bilingual and monolingual participants, aged 3-21 years. However, limited evidence exists on how bilingualism may influence brain development. The fact that these deficits affect grammatical class distinctions and verb inflections-information that is part of the lexicon-further indicates that shared neural substrates support lexical processing in proficient bilingual people.Bilingualism affects the structure of the brain in adults, as evidenced by experience-dependent grey and white matter changes in brain structures implicated in language learning, processing, and control. Outcomes & Results: The brain‐damaged bilingual speakers reviewed in the present study exhibited selective deficits for nouns, verbs, or irregularly inflected verbs in both of their languages.Ĭonclusions: The selectivity and cross‐language nature of the deficits reviewed here indicates that at least certain language substrates are shared in proficient bilingual people. Methods & Procedures: The studies reviewed here employed a variety of behavioural tests that were specifically designed to investigate the availability in aphasic patients of lexical information concerning nouns and verbs and their morphological characteristics. Critically, these selective deficits were manifested in a strikingly similar manner across the two languages spoken by each of the individuals.Īims: The present study aims at reviewing these cases of selective cross‐linguistic deficits and discussing their implications for theories concerning lexical organisation in the bilingual brain. These cases involved disruption affecting the production of words from a specific grammatical category (verbs or nouns) or the production of irregular versus regular verb forms. Background: A few studies have recently documented cases of proficient bilingual individuals who, subsequent to neural injury, suffered selective deficits affecting specific aspects of lexical processing.
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